| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Dual consciousness (neuroscience) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Dual consciousness (neuroscience)
Dual consciousness is a theoretical concept in neuroscience. It is proposed that it is possible that a person may develop two separate conscious entities within his/her one brain after undergoing a corpus callosotomy. The idea first began circulating in the neuroscience community after some split-brain patients exhibited the alien hand syndrome, which led some scientists to believe that there must be two separate consciousness within the brain’s left and right hemispheres in competition with one another once the corpus callosum is severed.〔Gonzalo Munevar, “The Myth of Dual Consciousness in the Split Brain: Contrary Evidence from Psychology and Neuroscience,” International Conference on Brain-Mind Proceedings, BMI Press, 2012 (online).〕
The idea of dual consciousness has caused controversy in the neuroscience community, although there is no conclusive evidence of its existence.
== Background ==
During the first half of the 20th Century, some neurosurgeons concluded that the best option of treating severe epilepsy was by severing the patient’s corpus callosum. The corpus callosum is the primary communication mechanism between the brain’s two cerebral hemispheres. For example, communication across the callosum allows information from both the left and right visual fields to be interpreted by the brain in a way that makes sense to comprehend the person’s actual experience (visual inputs from both eyes are interpreted by the brain to make sense of the experience that you are looking at a computer that is directly in front of you). The procedure of surgically removing the corpus callosum is called a corpus callosotomy. Patients who have undergone a corpus callosotomy are colloquially referred to as “split-brain patients”. They are called so because now their brain’s left and right hemispheres are no longer connected by the corpus callosum.
Split-brain patients have been subjects for numerous psychological experiments that sought to discover what occurs in the brain now that the primary interhemispheric pathways have been disrupted. Notable researchers in the field include Roger Sperry,one of the first to publish ideas involving a dual consciousness, and his famous graduate student, Michael Gazzaniga. Their results found a pattern amongst patients: severing the entire corpus callosum stops the interhemispheric transfer of perceptual, sensory, motor, and other forms of information. For most cases, corpus callosotomies did not in any way affect patients' real world functioning, however, those psychology experiments have demonstrated some interesting differences between split-brain patients and normal subjects.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Dual consciousness (neuroscience)」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|